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How to square numbers close to 100

Same idea as squaring near 50, anchored at a rounder number: 100² = 10000 is the easiest square there is, and numbers close to 100 can borrow that fact directly.

The rule

Let x be the distance from 100. Then:

(100 ± x)² = 10000 ± 200x + x²

Why it works

Expanding (100+x)² directly gives 10000 + 200x + x². The 200x term is easy because multiplying by 200 is just multiplying by 2 and shifting two places — no different from the 100x term in the close-to-50 version, just scaled up.

Worked examples

97² — x = −3. 10000 − 600 + 9 = 9409.

102² — x = +2. 10000 + 400 + 4 = 10404.

108² — x = +8. 10000 + 1600 + 64 = 11664.

94² — x = −6. 10000 − 1200 + 36 = 8836.

A note on larger deviations

Because the base is bigger here, this method stays useful over a wider range than the close-to-50 version — x up to 15–20 is still comfortable, since x² for those values is still a quick calculation.

Practice it

Practice squares → · See the rest of the shortcuts guide →